Persepsi Masyarakat Indonesia Terhadap Pencarian Bantuan dalam Kesehatan Mental: Studi Survei
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Abstract
Latar Belakang: Meskipun ada kemajuan dalam kebijakan kesehatan mental dan peningkatan kesadaran di Indonesia, tantangan seperti rendahnya pencarian bantuan dan kepatuhan terhadap pengobatan masih ada. Hal ini sering kali disebabkan oleh stigma, rendahnya literasi kesehatan mental, dan keyakinan budaya yang mempengaruhi pandangan terhadap kesehatan mental. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji bagaimana literasi kesehatan mental dan stigma diri memengaruhi sikap masyarakat umum Indonesia terhadap pencarian bantuan dari psikolog klinis.
Metode: Sebanyak 309 peserta dari tiga wilayah di Indonesia mengikuti survei yang dilakukan antara Juni hingga Agustus 2023. Survei ini melibatkan vignette kasus gangguan mental yang diikuti dengan pertanyaan tentang persepsi keparahan, penyebab, dan sumber bantuan. Survei juga mengukur pengetahuan tentang psikolog klinis, stigma diri dalam pencarian bantuan, dan sikap terhadap pencarian bantuan. Data dianalisis menggunakan korelasi Pearson, ANOVA, dan regresi berganda untuk analisis kuantitatif, sementara analisis tematik diterapkan pada respons terbuka dari peserta.
Hasil: Sebagian besar peserta menilai masalah kesehatan mental sebagai moderat hingga berat, dengan PTSD, depresi mayor (MDD), dan penyalahgunaan zat dipandang paling berat. Psikosis dinilai sedikit lebih ringan. Faktor biologis dan intrapersonal sering diidentifikasi sebagai penyebab utama masalah kesehatan mental, sementara teman, keluarga, dan psikolog klinis dianggap sebagai sumber dukungan yang paling bermanfaat. Pengalaman sebelumnya dan tingkat pengetahuan tentang psikolog klinis relatif tinggi di kalangan peserta, meskipun tingkat keakraban bervariasi. Analisis regresi menunjukkan bahwa persepsi tentang keparahan gangguan dan pengetahuan tentang psikolog klinis berpengaruh positif terhadap sikap pencarian bantuan, sementara stigma diri memiliki dampak negatif. Faktor-faktor ini menjelaskan 24% dari varians sikap pencarian bantuan.
Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan tentang psikolog klinis, persepsi keparahan masalah kesehatan mental, dan stigma diri secara signifikan memengaruhi sikap pencarian bantuan di Indonesia. Peningkatan literasi kesehatan mental dan pengurangan stigma sangat penting untuk mendorong perilaku pencarian bantuan yang lebih positif di masyarakat.
Kata kunci: Indonesia, literasi kesehatan mental, pencarian bantuan, psikolog klinis, stigma diri
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